Having a specific budgeting process helps organisations control spending and make smart business decisions. However, budgeting can be challenging when income is unpredictable, costs change suddenly or there’s poor communication and unrealistic planning.
That’s why it’s important to have a clear, realistic process that involves the right people and allows for regular tracking. When done well, budgeting helps organisations stay financially on course, even when things don’t go exactly as planned.
In this guide, we’ll cover how to pull last year’s numbers, set clear targets, assign funds and keep things on track so you avoid surprises and stay focused on your goals.
A budgeting process is a number of steps an organisation uses to plan its finances for a future period. It turns business goals into a financial plan by forecasting revenues, estimating costs and allocating funds to projects and departments.
Instead of relying on guesswork or outdated spreadsheets, a good budgeting process uses historical results and collaboration to set realistic targets. It ensures the company knows where resources will go and what constraints it will face.
Here is how to create a reliable budget process that you can use for years to come:
Before you start setting new targets, look at what happened last year. Pull your profit and loss statement, expense reports and any notes on unexpected changes. Compare what you planned to spend with what you actually spent.
Look for gaps or surprises – did revenue dip in the second quarter? Did software costs jump unexpectedly? Noticing these patterns early helps you avoid repeating the same mistakes and plan better for the year ahead.
Pro tip: If spreadsheets are slowing you down, try Mercur’s budgeting software and make automatic calculations.
Once the data is in hand, clarify the goals of the budget and who will be involved. This usually means defining top-line goals (such as revenue growth or cost savings targets) and scoping which departments or projects the budget will cover.
In practice, finance leaders will meet with senior management and department heads to align on priorities. For instance, if the company aims to grow by 10%, sales and marketing budgets might need extra resources.
Now comes the detailed budgeting: allocate the projected funds across cost centres, projects and departments. This means deciding exactly how much each team can spend on salaries, marketing, equipment, etc., and ensuring total outlays match the revenue forecast (or allowed deficit).
In practice, you may find the first draft unbalanced (expenses exceeding revenues, for example), which means revisiting assumptions or reallocating funds until the plan is coherent and aligned with strategy
Once the budget is approved, the real work begins. Track actual income and expenses each month and compare them to your budget using proven management reporting practices. If something is off, like sales coming in lower or costs rising unexpectedly, dig into why.
The goal isn’t just to catch problems but to fix them early. Maybe a department needs to cut back, or maybe you need to update your forecasts. Schedule monthly check-ins so budget reviews become routine, not a surprise.
To get the most from your budgeting process, follow these best practices for budgeting:
Make budgeting a group work: Involve the entire team from the start and be transparent about goals.
Base predictions on data: Always use actual financial results as your starting point. Avoid wishful thinking – instead, test assumptions and document them.
Be prepared for unexpected changes: Don’t treat the budget as fixed the moment it’s approved. Set aside contingency or plan alternative scenarios.
Document everything: Have a clear timeline and document the process. Avoid overly complex spreadsheets that others can’t understand.
Here are some common pitfalls to avoid when planning your budget:
Starting too late: Budgeting usually spans several months. If you wait until the last minute, you’ll rush through steps and increase errors.
Ignoring collaboration: A budget created without consulting the rest of the team will be unrealistic.
Unrealistic expectations: You may have a certain target in mind that doesn’t factor in all possible costs or losses, possibly going over budget.
Mercur is the market-leading solution for corporate performance management and business intelligence. Here’s what you get when you integrate and implement Mercur Business Control in your organisation:
Choose the level of detail you need for the budget
Help employees understand the business model with a driver-based budgeting
Link budgets to actuals already in the planning work
Speed up your budget process and increase its value to your organisation
Involve employees in the budget process with target and key performance indicators.
We have helped hundreds of leading organisations with different challenges for over 40 years. Request a free demo and unlock the power of budgeting automation.
It’s the steps you take to build a realistic spending plan: review past results, forecast income and costs, divide funds by function and then track actuals against your plan to stay on course.
Here is a straightforward way to plan your budget:
Gather and analyse last year’s data
Define goals and stakeholders
Project revenues and expenses
Allocate funds to teams
Monitor performance and adjust as needed.
A clear process prevents surprises. It ensures you know what teams can spend, spots overspending early and keeps everyone aligned so you don’t run short of funds mid-period.
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